{"version":"astrology-traditions/0.1","releasedOn":"2026-08-16","epistemicBoundary":"Every rule in this registry is recorded as documented interpretive tradition. Provenance is claimed; empirical validity is not, and the schema cannot express it. Presence in this registry is not evidence that a rule predicts anything.","prohibitedUses":["medical diagnosis, prognosis, or treatment decisions","legal conclusions or advice","investment, trading, or other financial decisions","predictions of death, disaster, or pregnancy outcomes","claims that a chart determines personality, capability, or behaviour","guarantees about future events","high-stakes decisions taken on astrological grounds alone","employment, lending, insurance, or housing decisions about a person"],"schema":"https://www.mahastrategies.com/knowledge/astrology/schema","traditions":[{"id":"hellenistic-ptolemaic","slug":"hellenistic-ptolemaic","name":"Hellenistic (Ptolemaic)","period":"2nd century CE, transmitted through Arabic and Latin commentary","zodiac":"tropical","chartTypes":["natal","mundane"],"description":"The system set out in Ptolemy’s Tetrabiblos, which grounds planetary signification in the four elemental qualities and treats the zodiac as measured from the equinox. It is the transmission route for much later Western practice, and it is not identical to any of them.","ruleCount":15},{"id":"horary-lilly","slug":"horary-lilly","name":"Horary (Lilly)","period":"17th-century England","zodiac":"tropical","chartTypes":["horary","electional"],"description":"The question-based practice codified in William Lilly’s Christian Astrology, which judges a chart cast for the moment a question is understood rather than for a birth.","unpopulatedReason":"No rights-cleared, proofread transcription of the 1647 text is available. The source is public domain, but every machine transcription found is unproofread OCR; publishing rules from it would violate this layer’s transcription-fidelity claim.","ruleCount":0},{"id":"vedic-jyotisha","slug":"vedic-jyotisha","name":"Vedic (Jyotiṣa)","period":"classical Indian, transmitted continuously to present practice","zodiac":"sidereal","chartTypes":["natal","electional","mundane"],"description":"The Indian sidereal system, whose electional branch (muhūrta) judges the fitness of a moment from the five limbs of the pañcāṅga. Its calendrical arithmetic is computed in `lib/panchanga.ts` and is fully reproducible; the judgements built on that arithmetic are recorded here, sourced to Varāhamihira.","ruleCount":9},{"id":"western-sidereal","slug":"western-sidereal","name":"Western sidereal","period":"20th century onward","zodiac":"sidereal","chartTypes":["natal"],"description":"Western practice that measures the zodiac against the fixed stars rather than the equinox. Registered here to make the frame disagreement explicit: a sidereal rule and a tropical rule that use the same sign name do not refer to the same region of sky.","unpopulatedReason":"Primary sources for this tradition are 20th-century and in copyright. Passage-level excerpting requires a licensing decision that has not been taken.","ruleCount":0}],"sources":[{"id":"ptolemy-tetrabiblos-ashmand","title":"Ptolemy’s Tetrabiblos, or Quadripartite","author":"Claudius Ptolemy","originalComposed":"circa 2nd century CE","translator":"J. M. Ashmand","edition":"Project Gutenberg eBook #70850, from the 1822 Ashmand translation","editionYear":1822,"url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/70850","rightsStatus":"public-domain","rightsNote":"The 1822 Ashmand translation is out of copyright, and the Project Gutenberg transcription is distributed without restriction in the United States.","accessed":"2026-08-16"},{"id":"brihat-samhita-iyer","title":"The Bṛhat Saṃhitā of Varāha Mihira","author":"Varāhamihira","originalComposed":"circa 6th century CE","translator":"N. Chidambaram Iyer","edition":"1884 English translation, proofread transcription published by wisdomlib.org","editionYear":1884,"url":"https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/brihat-samhita","rightsStatus":"public-domain","rightsNote":"The 1884 Chidambaram Iyer translation is out of copyright. Transcribed from the proofread wisdomlib presentation rather than the Internet Archive scan, whose OCR renders the English as Devanagari mojibake and is unusable for verbatim quotation.","accessed":"2026-08-16"},{"id":"lilly-christian-astrology-1647","title":"Christian Astrology","author":"William Lilly","originalComposed":"1647","edition":"Internet Archive scans of the 1647 and 1659 printings","editionYear":1647,"url":"https://archive.org/details/christian-astrology-1647","rightsStatus":"public-domain","rightsNote":"The 1647 text is out of copyright. No passages are transcribed here: the available machine transcriptions are unproofread OCR of 17th-century typography, and quoting them would introduce corruption into a layer whose only claim is transcription fidelity.","accessed":"2026-08-16"}],"passages":[{"id":"bs-98-6-dhruva-list","sourceId":"brihat-samhita-iyer","locator":"Chapter 98, verse 6 — On the constellations","excerpt":"Of these 28 constellations (nakṣatra), those of Uttaraphālguni, Uttarāṣāḍha and Uttarabhādrapada together with the constellation of Rohiṇī are known as (Dhruva) stable asterisms.","transcriptionNote":"The edition transliterates the nakshatra names differently from the forms used in `lib/panchanga.ts`; the rule maps them to the canonical forms and the mapping is stated in its boundary."},{"id":"bs-98-6-dhruva-acts","sourceId":"brihat-samhita-iyer","locator":"Chapter 98, verse 6 — On the constellations","excerpt":"Coronation of kings, expiatory ceremonies, planting of trees, the building of towns, acts of public utility, the sowing of seeds and acts of permanent effects shall he commenced when the Moon passes through the stable asterisms.","transcriptionNote":"The cited edition reads “shall he commenced”, evidently a compositor’s error for “shall be commenced”. Transcribed as printed rather than silently corrected."},{"id":"bs-98-9-laghu-list","sourceId":"brihat-samhita-iyer","locator":"Chapter 98, verse 9 — On the constellations","excerpt":"The constellations (nakṣatra) of Hasta. Aśvinī and Puṣya are known as (Laghu) light asterisms.","transcriptionNote":"The full stop after “Hasta” is a comma in the printed text; retained here as the edition transcribes it."},{"id":"bs-98-9-laghu-acts","sourceId":"brihat-samhita-iyer","locator":"Chapter 98, verse 9 — On the constellations","excerpt":"Sales, acts of sexual love, acquisition of knowledge, wearing of ornaments, arts, sculpture, medicine purchase of carriage and the like shall be commenced when the Moon passes through the light asterisms."},{"id":"bs-98-10-mridu-list","sourceId":"brihat-samhita-iyer","locator":"Chapter 98, verse 10 — On the constellations","excerpt":"The constellations (nakṣatra) of Anurādhā, Citrā, Revatī and Mṛgaśīrṣa are known as (Mṛdu) soft asterisms."},{"id":"bs-98-10-mridu-acts","sourceId":"brihat-samhita-iyer","locator":"Chapter 98, verse 10 — On the constellations","excerpt":"Acts of friendship, sexual union, the purchase of clothes, the wearing or making of ornaments, any auspicious deeds and music shall be commenced when the Moon passes through the soft asterisms."},{"id":"bs-98-13-prohibited-times","sourceId":"brihat-samhita-iyer","locator":"Chapter 98, verse 13 — On the constellations","excerpt":"Shaving is prohibited in twilight hours, hours of night, on Tuesdays, Saturdays and Sundays, on Rikta Tithis, on the ninth lunar day and when the karaṇa is Bhadra.","transcriptionNote":"A footnote marker after “Rikta” in the source is omitted. This verse is the evidence that Riktā avoidance and the Bhadra prohibition are Varāhamihira’s own, not only later doctrine."},{"id":"bs-99-2-tithi-groups","sourceId":"brihat-samhita-iyer","locator":"Chapter 99, verse 2 — On lunar days and half lunar days","excerpt":"The 1st, 6th and 11th lunar days are known as Nandā; the 2nd, 7th, and 12th, lunar days are known as Bhadrā; the 3rd, 8th and 13th lunar days are known as Vijayā; the 4th, 9th, and 14th lunar days are known as Riktā and the 5th, 10th and 15th lunar days are known as Pūrṇā."},{"id":"bs-99-4-movable-karanas","sourceId":"brihat-samhita-iyer","locator":"Chapter 99, verse 4 — On lunar days and half lunar days","excerpt":"The lords of the seven Karaṇas are, viz. Bava, Bālava, Kaulava, Taitila, Gara, Vaṇija, and Viṣṭi, are Indra, Brahmā, Mitra, Aryaman, Bhū, Śrī and Yama."},{"id":"bs-99-5-fixed-karanas","sourceId":"brihat-samhita-iyer","locator":"Chapter 99, verse 5 — On lunar days and half lunar days","excerpt":"The four Dhruva (fixed) Karaṇas are—Śakuni, Catuṣpada, Nāga and Kiṃstughna and they begin from the second half of the 14th day of the waning moon."},{"id":"bs-99-6-bava","sourceId":"brihat-samhita-iyer","locator":"Chapter 99, verse 6 — On lunar days and half lunar days","excerpt":"In a Bava Karaṇa shall be done deeds of an auspicious, a moveable or a fixed character as well as deeds for the promotion of a person’s health or comfort."},{"id":"bs-99-7-vishti","sourceId":"brihat-samhita-iyer","locator":"Chapter 99, verse 7 — On lunar days and half lunar days","excerpt":"In a Viṣṭi or Bhadra Karaṇa, auspicious deeds shall not be done but acts aimed at the ruin of enemies and those connected with poison may be done.","transcriptionNote":"Transcribed in full for fidelity. Only the prohibition is carried into a rule; the remainder of the verse is recorded as historical text and is not acted on, and the prohibited uses attached to this layer forbid it."},{"id":"bs-99-8-kimstughna","sourceId":"brihat-samhita-iyer","locator":"Chapter 99, verse 8 — On lunar days and half lunar days","excerpt":"In a Kiṃstughna Karaṇa, a person shall do any work for the increase of his health and comfort as well as auspicious deeds."},{"id":"ptb-1-5-benefic","sourceId":"ptolemy-tetrabiblos-ashmand","locator":"Book I, Chapter V — Benefics and Malefics","excerpt":"Therefore, two of the planets, on account of their temperate quality, and because heat and moisture are predominant in them, are considered by the ancients as benefic, or causers of good: these are Jupiter and Venus."},{"id":"ptb-1-5-malefic","sourceId":"ptolemy-tetrabiblos-ashmand","locator":"Book I, Chapter V — Benefics and Malefics","excerpt":"But Saturn and Mars are esteemed of a contrary nature, and malefic, or causers of evil: the first from his excess of cold, the other from his excess of dryness."},{"id":"ptb-1-5-common","sourceId":"ptolemy-tetrabiblos-ashmand","locator":"Book I, Chapter V — Benefics and Malefics","excerpt":"The Sun and Mercury are deemed of common influence, and productive either of good or evil in unison with whatever planets they may be connected with."},{"id":"ptb-1-6-feminine","sourceId":"ptolemy-tetrabiblos-ashmand","locator":"Book I, Chapter VI — Masculine and Feminine","excerpt":"The Moon and Venus are therefore said to be feminine, since their qualities are principally moist."},{"id":"ptb-1-6-masculine","sourceId":"ptolemy-tetrabiblos-ashmand","locator":"Book I, Chapter VI — Masculine and Feminine","excerpt":"The Sun, Saturn, Jupiter, and Mars are called masculine. Mercury is common to both genders, because at certain times he produces dryness, and at others moisture, and performs each in an equal ratio."},{"id":"ptb-3-1-genethlialogy","sourceId":"ptolemy-tetrabiblos-ashmand","locator":"Book III, Chapter I — Proem","excerpt":"The foreknowledge of these particular events is called Genethlialogy, or the science of Nativities."},{"id":"ptb-3-11-life","sourceId":"ptolemy-tetrabiblos-ashmand","locator":"Book III, Chapter XI — The Duration of Life","excerpt":"Of all events whatsoever, which take place after birth, the most essential is the continuance of life."},{"id":"ptb-3-12-prorogatory","sourceId":"ptolemy-tetrabiblos-ashmand","locator":"Book III, Chapter XII — The Prorogatory Places","excerpt":"These several places are the sign on the angle of the ascendant, from the fifth degree above the horizon, to the twenty-fifth degree below it."},{"id":"ptb-3-16-saturn","sourceId":"ptolemy-tetrabiblos-ashmand","locator":"Book III, Chapter XVI — The Form and Temperament of the Body","excerpt":"Saturn, when oriental, acts on the personal figure by producing a yellowish complexion and a good constitution; with black and curled hair, a broad and stout chest, eyes of ordinary quality, and a proportionate size of body."},{"id":"ptb-3-16-jupiter","sourceId":"ptolemy-tetrabiblos-ashmand","locator":"Book III, Chapter XVI — The Form and Temperament of the Body","excerpt":"Jupiter ruling, when oriental, makes the person white or fair, with a clear complexion, moderate growth of hair, and large eyes, and of good and dignified stature."},{"id":"ptb-3-16-mars","sourceId":"ptolemy-tetrabiblos-ashmand","locator":"Book III, Chapter XVI — The Form and Temperament of the Body","excerpt":"Mars, ascending, gives a fair ruddiness to the person, with large size, a healthy constitution, blue or grey eyes, a sturdy figure, and a moderate growth of hair."},{"id":"ptb-3-16-venus","sourceId":"ptolemy-tetrabiblos-ashmand","locator":"Book III, Chapter XVI — The Form and Temperament of the Body","excerpt":"Venus operates in a manner similar to that of Jupiter, but, at the same time, more becomingly and more gracefully. She also peculiarly makes the eyes beautiful, and renders them of an azure tint."},{"id":"ptb-3-16-mercury","sourceId":"ptolemy-tetrabiblos-ashmand","locator":"Book III, Chapter XVI — The Form and Temperament of the Body","excerpt":"Mercury, when oriental, makes the personal figure of a yellowish complexion, and of stature proportionate and well shaped, with small eyes and a moderate growth of hair."},{"id":"ptb-3-17-injury-angles","sourceId":"ptolemy-tetrabiblos-ashmand","locator":"Book III, Chapter XVII — The Hurts, Injuries, and Diseases of the Body","excerpt":"For the investigation of these circumstances, the two angles on the horizon, both the ascendant and the western, must in all cases be remarked."},{"id":"ptb-3-18-mind","sourceId":"ptolemy-tetrabiblos-ashmand","locator":"Book III, Chapter XVIII — The Quality of the Mind","excerpt":"Of the spiritual qualities, however, all those which are national and intellectual are contemplated by the situation of Mercury.","transcriptionNote":"The cited Gutenberg edition reads “national”. Other printings of the Ashmand translation read “rational”, which the surrounding argument supports. Transcribed as it appears in the cited edition rather than silently corrected."}],"rules":[{"id":"bs-nakshatra-dhruva","traditionId":"vedic-jyotisha","technique":"nakshatra selection","chartTypes":["electional"],"conditions":[{"factField":"panchanga.nakshatra","description":"The Moon occupies one of the four stable (Dhruva) nakshatras.","requiresLimb":{"limb":"nakshatra","anyOf":["Uttara Phalgunī","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Rohiṇī"]},"derivation":"direct"}],"interpretation":"The tradition classes these four nakshatras as stable (Dhruva) and directs that undertakings meant to endure — planting, building, sowing, and acts of public utility — be begun while the Moon passes through them.","passageIds":["bs-98-6-dhruva-list","bs-98-6-dhruva-acts"],"provenance":"restates-source","empirical":"unvalidated-tradition","disagreements":[],"boundary":"The pañcāṅga input is computed and reproducible, but the rule built on it is documented tradition with no empirical support. A moment being Viṣṭi or Riktā is a fact about the Sun and Moon; that such a moment is unfavourable for an undertaking is not, and no outcome should be expected either way. The nakshatra names are matched against the canonical forms used by the pañcāṅga computation; the 1884 edition spells them Uttaraphālguni, Uttarāṣāḍha and Uttarabhādrapada, and that normalisation is a transcription decision rather than a doctrinal one."},{"id":"bs-nakshatra-laghu","traditionId":"vedic-jyotisha","technique":"nakshatra selection","chartTypes":["electional"],"conditions":[{"factField":"panchanga.nakshatra","description":"The Moon occupies one of the three light (Laghu) nakshatras.","requiresLimb":{"limb":"nakshatra","anyOf":["Hasta","Aśvinī","Puṣya"]},"derivation":"direct"}],"interpretation":"The tradition classes these three nakshatras as light (Laghu) and associates them with sales, the acquisition of knowledge, the arts, and similar undertakings.","passageIds":["bs-98-9-laghu-list","bs-98-9-laghu-acts"],"provenance":"restates-source","empirical":"unvalidated-tradition","disagreements":[],"boundary":"The pañcāṅga input is computed and reproducible, but the rule built on it is documented tradition with no empirical support. A moment being Viṣṭi or Riktā is a fact about the Sun and Moon; that such a moment is unfavourable for an undertaking is not, and no outcome should be expected either way."},{"id":"bs-nakshatra-mridu","traditionId":"vedic-jyotisha","technique":"nakshatra selection","chartTypes":["electional"],"conditions":[{"factField":"panchanga.nakshatra","description":"The Moon occupies one of the four soft (Mṛdu) nakshatras.","requiresLimb":{"limb":"nakshatra","anyOf":["Anurādhā","Citrā","Revatī","Mṛgaśīrṣa"]},"derivation":"direct"}],"interpretation":"The tradition classes these four nakshatras as soft (Mṛdu) and associates them with acts of friendship, the making of ornaments, music, and auspicious undertakings generally.","passageIds":["bs-98-10-mridu-list","bs-98-10-mridu-acts"],"provenance":"restates-source","empirical":"unvalidated-tradition","disagreements":[],"boundary":"The pañcāṅga input is computed and reproducible, but the rule built on it is documented tradition with no empirical support. A moment being Viṣṭi or Riktā is a fact about the Sun and Moon; that such a moment is unfavourable for an undertaking is not, and no outcome should be expected either way."},{"id":"bs-vara-prohibited-days","traditionId":"vedic-jyotisha","technique":"vāra selection","chartTypes":["electional"],"conditions":[{"factField":"panchanga.vara","description":"The vāra is Tuesday, Saturday or Sunday.","requiresLimb":{"limb":"vara","anyOf":["Maṅgalavāra","Śanivāra","Ravivāra"]},"derivation":"direct"}],"interpretation":"The tradition prohibits shaving on Tuesdays, Saturdays and Sundays, and the same verse extends the prohibition to twilight and night hours, Riktā tithis, the ninth lunar day, and the Bhadra karaṇa.","passageIds":["bs-98-13-prohibited-times"],"provenance":"restates-source","empirical":"unvalidated-tradition","disagreements":["The verse conditions a single act on several limbs at once. This rule fires on the vāra alone; the tithi and karaṇa conditions in the same verse are recorded in the passage but are not separately evaluated, so the rule is narrower than the source."],"boundary":"The pañcāṅga input is computed and reproducible, but the rule built on it is documented tradition with no empirical support. A moment being Viṣṭi or Riktā is a fact about the Sun and Moon; that such a moment is unfavourable for an undertaking is not, and no outcome should be expected either way. The rule is deliberately narrower than its verse: the source joins several conditions with \"or\", which the condition model, being a conjunction of limbs, cannot express."},{"id":"bs-muhurta-vishti-prohibition","traditionId":"vedic-jyotisha","technique":"karaṇa selection","chartTypes":["electional"],"conditions":[{"factField":"panchanga.karana","description":"The karaṇa current at the moment under consideration is Viṣṭi (Bhadra).","requiresLimb":{"limb":"karana","anyOf":["Viṣṭi"]},"derivation":"direct"}],"interpretation":"The tradition holds that auspicious undertakings are not to be begun during the Viṣṭi (Bhadra) karaṇa.","passageIds":["bs-99-7-vishti"],"provenance":"restates-source","empirical":"unvalidated-tradition","disagreements":["Later muhūrta literature narrows the prohibition by the portion of Bhadra that falls in daylight and by which loka it is held to occupy, so practice varies on how much of the period is avoided."],"boundary":"The pañcāṅga input is computed and reproducible, but the rule built on it is documented tradition with no empirical support. A moment being Viṣṭi or Riktā is a fact about the Sun and Moon; that such a moment is unfavourable for an undertaking is not, and no outcome should be expected either way. Only the prohibition in the cited verse is carried into this rule; the remainder of the verse is recorded in the passage for transcription fidelity and is not acted on."},{"id":"bs-muhurta-bava-favourable","traditionId":"vedic-jyotisha","technique":"karaṇa selection","chartTypes":["electional"],"conditions":[{"factField":"panchanga.karana","description":"The karaṇa current at the moment under consideration is Bava.","requiresLimb":{"limb":"karana","anyOf":["Bava"]},"derivation":"direct"}],"interpretation":"The tradition holds that the Bava karaṇa suits auspicious undertakings, whether of a moveable or a fixed character, and acts directed at health and comfort.","passageIds":["bs-99-6-bava"],"provenance":"restates-source","empirical":"unvalidated-tradition","disagreements":[],"boundary":"The pañcāṅga input is computed and reproducible, but the rule built on it is documented tradition with no empirical support. A moment being Viṣṭi or Riktā is a fact about the Sun and Moon; that such a moment is unfavourable for an undertaking is not, and no outcome should be expected either way."},{"id":"bs-muhurta-kimstughna-favourable","traditionId":"vedic-jyotisha","technique":"karaṇa selection","chartTypes":["electional"],"conditions":[{"factField":"panchanga.karana","description":"The karaṇa current at the moment under consideration is Kiṃstughna.","requiresLimb":{"limb":"karana","anyOf":["Kiṃstughna"]},"derivation":"direct"}],"interpretation":"The tradition holds that the Kiṃstughna karaṇa suits work for health and comfort and auspicious undertakings generally.","passageIds":["bs-99-8-kimstughna"],"provenance":"restates-source","empirical":"unvalidated-tradition","disagreements":[],"boundary":"The pañcāṅga input is computed and reproducible, but the rule built on it is documented tradition with no empirical support. A moment being Viṣṭi or Riktā is a fact about the Sun and Moon; that such a moment is unfavourable for an undertaking is not, and no outcome should be expected either way."},{"id":"bs-tithi-groups","traditionId":"vedic-jyotisha","technique":"tithi selection","chartTypes":["electional"],"conditions":[{"factField":"panchanga.tithi","description":"The tithi current at the moment under consideration, taken within its fortnight.","derivation":"direct"}],"interpretation":"The tradition sorts the fifteen tithis of a fortnight into five named groups — Nandā, Bhadrā, Vijayā, Riktā and Pūrṇā — which later practice treats as the basis for selecting or avoiding a lunar day, Riktā being the group generally avoided.","passageIds":["bs-99-2-tithi-groups"],"provenance":"restates-source","empirical":"unvalidated-tradition","disagreements":["Verse 2 names the five groups without ranking them, but Chapter 98 verse 13 prohibits an act on Riktā tithis, so the avoidance of Riktā is Varāhamihira’s own and not purely later doctrine. An earlier revision of this record claimed otherwise and was corrected when the further chapter was transcribed."],"boundary":"The pañcāṅga input is computed and reproducible, but the rule built on it is documented tradition with no empirical support. A moment being Viṣṭi or Riktā is a fact about the Sun and Moon; that such a moment is unfavourable for an undertaking is not, and no outcome should be expected either way. The grouping is transcribed from the source; the avoidance ranking attached to it is later practice and is flagged as such in the recorded disagreement."},{"id":"bs-fixed-karana-placement","traditionId":"vedic-jyotisha","technique":"karaṇa structure","chartTypes":["electional","natal"],"conditions":[{"factField":"panchanga.karana","description":"The position of the four fixed karaṇas within the lunar month.","derivation":"direct"}],"interpretation":"The tradition places the four fixed karaṇas — Śakuni, Catuṣpada, Nāga and Kiṃstughna — beginning from the second half of the fourteenth day of the waning moon.","passageIds":["bs-99-5-fixed-karanas"],"provenance":"restates-source","empirical":"unvalidated-tradition","disagreements":[],"boundary":"This is a structural claim about the calendar rather than a judgement about a moment, and it is one of the few places where a classical text can be checked directly against the computation: `test/panchanga.test.ts` asserts that the implemented karaṇa sequence puts Śakuni at exactly this point. Agreement confirms the arithmetic matches the tradition; it says nothing about whether the tradition predicts anything."},{"id":"ptb-planet-nature-benefic","traditionId":"hellenistic-ptolemaic","technique":"planetary nature","chartTypes":["natal","mundane"],"conditions":[{"factField":"subject.identifiers","description":"Jupiter or Venus is present in the chart.","requiresSubjects":["Jupiter","Venus"],"derivation":"direct"}],"interpretation":"The tradition classes Jupiter and Venus as benefic, deriving the classification from a predominance of the heat and moisture held to be nutritive.","passageIds":["ptb-1-5-benefic"],"provenance":"restates-source","empirical":"unvalidated-tradition","disagreements":["Later traditions treat benefic and malefic as contextual rather than fixed, conditioning the classification on sect, dignity, and house placement."],"boundary":"A classification internal to the tradition’s elemental physics. The underlying qualitative theory of heat, cold, moisture, and dryness is not a description of the planets as understood by astronomy."},{"id":"ptb-planet-nature-malefic","traditionId":"hellenistic-ptolemaic","technique":"planetary nature","chartTypes":["natal","mundane"],"conditions":[{"factField":"subject.identifiers","description":"Saturn or Mars is present in the chart.","requiresSubjects":["Saturn","Mars"],"derivation":"direct"}],"interpretation":"The tradition classes Saturn and Mars as malefic, attributing the classification to an excess of cold in Saturn and an excess of dryness in Mars.","passageIds":["ptb-1-5-malefic"],"provenance":"restates-source","empirical":"unvalidated-tradition","disagreements":["Psychological astrology of the 20th century generally rejects the benefic/malefic division as a description of outcomes."],"boundary":"A classification internal to the tradition’s elemental physics, not a claim that these planets produce harm."},{"id":"ptb-planet-nature-common","traditionId":"hellenistic-ptolemaic","technique":"planetary nature","chartTypes":["natal","mundane"],"conditions":[{"factField":"subject.identifiers","description":"The Sun or Mercury is present in the chart.","requiresSubjects":["Sun","Mercury"],"derivation":"direct"}],"interpretation":"The tradition treats the Sun and Mercury as of common influence, taking their effect from the planets they are configured with rather than from a fixed nature.","passageIds":["ptb-1-5-common"],"provenance":"restates-source","empirical":"unvalidated-tradition","disagreements":["Some Hellenistic authors treat the Sun as malefic when too close to another planet, a condition Ptolemy does not frame this way here."],"boundary":"Recorded as doctrine of the named tradition; the conditional framing is Ptolemy’s, not a general rule of Western astrology."},{"id":"ptb-planet-gender-feminine","traditionId":"hellenistic-ptolemaic","technique":"planetary gender","chartTypes":["natal"],"conditions":[{"factField":"subject.identifiers","description":"The Moon or Venus is present in the chart.","requiresSubjects":["Moon","Venus"],"derivation":"direct"}],"interpretation":"The tradition assigns the Moon and Venus to the feminine category on the grounds that their qualities are principally moist.","passageIds":["ptb-1-6-feminine"],"provenance":"restates-source","empirical":"unvalidated-tradition","disagreements":["The gendered classification of planets is rejected or reinterpreted as symbolic polarity across most contemporary practice."],"boundary":"A 2nd-century classification recorded for historical accuracy. It reflects the gender assumptions of its period, carries no evidential weight, and must not be applied to any person or used to infer anything about sex or gender."},{"id":"ptb-planet-gender-masculine","traditionId":"hellenistic-ptolemaic","technique":"planetary gender","chartTypes":["natal"],"conditions":[{"factField":"subject.identifiers","description":"The Sun, Saturn, Jupiter, or Mars is present in the chart.","requiresSubjects":["Sun","Saturn","Jupiter","Mars"],"derivation":"direct"}],"interpretation":"The tradition assigns the Sun, Saturn, Jupiter, and Mars to the masculine category, and treats Mercury as common to both because it produces dryness and moisture in equal ratio.","passageIds":["ptb-1-6-masculine"],"provenance":"restates-source","empirical":"unvalidated-tradition","disagreements":["The gendered classification of planets is rejected or reinterpreted as symbolic polarity across most contemporary practice."],"boundary":"A 2nd-century classification recorded for historical accuracy. It reflects the gender assumptions of its period, carries no evidential weight, and must not be applied to any person or used to infer anything about sex or gender."},{"id":"ptb-genethlialogy-scope","traditionId":"hellenistic-ptolemaic","technique":"scope of nativities","chartTypes":["natal"],"conditions":[{"factField":"time.utcInstant","description":"A birth moment is given.","derivation":"direct"}],"interpretation":"The tradition names the study of individual nativities Genethlialogy and separates it from the general or mundane inquiry treated earlier in the work.","passageIds":["ptb-3-1-genethlialogy"],"provenance":"restates-source","empirical":"unvalidated-tradition","disagreements":[],"boundary":"A definition of the tradition’s own scope. It records how the text divides its subject and asserts nothing about what a birth chart can show."},{"id":"ptb-life-precedence","traditionId":"hellenistic-ptolemaic","technique":"order of judgement","chartTypes":["natal"],"conditions":[{"factField":"time.utcInstant","description":"A birth moment is given.","derivation":"direct"}],"interpretation":"The tradition holds that the question of the duration of life is taken up before all other post-natal questions, on the reasoning that other predictions are moot without it.","passageIds":["ptb-3-11-life"],"provenance":"restates-source","empirical":"unvalidated-tradition","disagreements":["Contemporary practice generally abandons length-of-life technique entirely, on both evidential and ethical grounds."],"boundary":"Recorded as the structure of a historical text. Maha does not publish length-of-life judgements, and no report may generate one: see the prohibited uses attached to this layer."},{"id":"ptb-prorogatory-places","traditionId":"hellenistic-ptolemaic","technique":"prorogation","chartTypes":["natal"],"conditions":[{"factField":"coordinates.values","description":"Ecliptic longitudes of the angles are computed.","derivation":"requires-derivation"},{"factField":"observer.position","description":"Observer latitude is known, since the angles depend on it.","derivation":"requires-derivation"}],"interpretation":"The tradition restricts the prorogatory places to a defined set, beginning with the region of the ascendant running from five degrees above the horizon to twenty-five degrees below it.","passageIds":["ptb-3-12-prorogatory"],"provenance":"restates-source","empirical":"unvalidated-tradition","disagreements":["The set of prorogatory places and their ordering differ between Ptolemy and other Hellenistic authors, and the technique is not used in most modern practice."],"boundary":"A technical specification internal to the tradition. It is reproducible as geometry from the fact layer; that reproducibility says nothing about whether the technique means anything."},{"id":"ptb-body-saturn","traditionId":"hellenistic-ptolemaic","technique":"bodily form","chartTypes":["natal"],"conditions":[{"factField":"coordinates.values","description":"Saturn holds dominion and is oriental to the Sun.","requiresSubjects":["Saturn"],"derivation":"requires-derivation"}],"interpretation":"The tradition holds that Saturn oriental gives a yellowish complexion, black curled hair, a broad chest, and proportionate size.","passageIds":["ptb-3-16-saturn"],"provenance":"restates-source","empirical":"unvalidated-tradition","disagreements":["Physical-description technique is abandoned in most contemporary practice."],"boundary":"Recorded as historical doctrine of the named tradition. There is no evidence that planetary position corresponds to physical appearance or mental character, and this rule must not be used to describe, assess, or make decisions about any person."},{"id":"ptb-body-jupiter","traditionId":"hellenistic-ptolemaic","technique":"bodily form","chartTypes":["natal"],"conditions":[{"factField":"coordinates.values","description":"Jupiter holds dominion and is oriental to the Sun.","requiresSubjects":["Jupiter"],"derivation":"requires-derivation"}],"interpretation":"The tradition holds that Jupiter oriental gives a fair and clear complexion, moderate hair, large eyes, and dignified stature.","passageIds":["ptb-3-16-jupiter"],"provenance":"restates-source","empirical":"unvalidated-tradition","disagreements":["Physical-description technique is abandoned in most contemporary practice."],"boundary":"Recorded as historical doctrine of the named tradition. There is no evidence that planetary position corresponds to physical appearance or mental character, and this rule must not be used to describe, assess, or make decisions about any person."},{"id":"ptb-body-mars","traditionId":"hellenistic-ptolemaic","technique":"bodily form","chartTypes":["natal"],"conditions":[{"factField":"coordinates.values","description":"Mars holds dominion and is ascending.","requiresSubjects":["Mars"],"derivation":"requires-derivation"}],"interpretation":"The tradition holds that Mars ascending gives ruddiness, large size, blue or grey eyes, and a sturdy figure.","passageIds":["ptb-3-16-mars"],"provenance":"restates-source","empirical":"unvalidated-tradition","disagreements":["Physical-description technique is abandoned in most contemporary practice."],"boundary":"Recorded as historical doctrine of the named tradition. There is no evidence that planetary position corresponds to physical appearance or mental character, and this rule must not be used to describe, assess, or make decisions about any person."},{"id":"ptb-body-venus","traditionId":"hellenistic-ptolemaic","technique":"bodily form","chartTypes":["natal"],"conditions":[{"factField":"coordinates.values","description":"Venus holds dominion over the form.","requiresSubjects":["Venus"],"derivation":"requires-derivation"}],"interpretation":"The tradition holds that Venus works as Jupiter does but more gracefully, and is said to make the eyes beautiful and azure.","passageIds":["ptb-3-16-venus"],"provenance":"restates-source","empirical":"unvalidated-tradition","disagreements":["Physical-description technique is abandoned in most contemporary practice."],"boundary":"Recorded as historical doctrine of the named tradition. There is no evidence that planetary position corresponds to physical appearance or mental character, and this rule must not be used to describe, assess, or make decisions about any person."},{"id":"ptb-body-mercury","traditionId":"hellenistic-ptolemaic","technique":"bodily form","chartTypes":["natal"],"conditions":[{"factField":"coordinates.values","description":"Mercury holds dominion and is oriental to the Sun.","requiresSubjects":["Mercury"],"derivation":"requires-derivation"}],"interpretation":"The tradition holds that Mercury oriental gives a yellowish complexion, proportionate and well-shaped stature, small eyes, and moderate hair.","passageIds":["ptb-3-16-mercury"],"provenance":"restates-source","empirical":"unvalidated-tradition","disagreements":["Physical-description technique is abandoned in most contemporary practice."],"boundary":"Recorded as historical doctrine of the named tradition. There is no evidence that planetary position corresponds to physical appearance or mental character, and this rule must not be used to describe, assess, or make decisions about any person."},{"id":"ptb-injury-angles","traditionId":"hellenistic-ptolemaic","technique":"bodily injury","chartTypes":["natal"],"conditions":[{"factField":"coordinates.values","description":"The ascendant and descendant are computed, and malefic configurations to them are examined.","derivation":"requires-derivation"}],"interpretation":"The tradition directs that the ascendant and western angle be examined first when the question concerns bodily injury or disease.","passageIds":["ptb-3-17-injury-angles"],"provenance":"restates-source","empirical":"unvalidated-tradition","disagreements":["Medical application of astrology is rejected by contemporary medicine and by most contemporary astrological practice."],"boundary":"Recorded as historical doctrine only. This rule must never contribute to a health statement of any kind: medical diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment are prohibited uses of this layer without exception."},{"id":"ptb-mind-mercury","traditionId":"hellenistic-ptolemaic","technique":"quality of mind","chartTypes":["natal"],"conditions":[{"factField":"coordinates.values","description":"The position of Mercury is computed.","requiresSubjects":["Mercury"],"derivation":"requires-derivation"},{"factField":"coordinates.values","description":"The position of the Moon and its applications and separations are computed.","requiresSubjects":["Moon"],"derivation":"requires-derivation"}],"interpretation":"The tradition assigns the intellectual qualities to the situation of Mercury, and the sensitive faculties independent of reason to the Moon and the stars configured with her.","passageIds":["ptb-3-18-mind"],"provenance":"restates-source","empirical":"unvalidated-tradition","disagreements":["The division of mind between two significators is handled differently across Hellenistic authors, and psychological astrology reframes it as symbolic rather than causal."],"boundary":"Recorded as historical doctrine of the named tradition. There is no evidence that planetary position corresponds to physical appearance or mental character, and this rule must not be used to describe, assess, or make decisions about any person."}]}