{"schemaVersion":"maha-epistemic/1.0","evidencePolicyVersion":"mps/0.1","recordId":"urn:maha:record:physical-and-logical-qubits","canonicalPath":"/knowledge/quantum-systems/comparisons/physical-and-logical-qubits","contentHash":"sha256:bd8de99e07e022a6cb3c820b2b70c111d1b60f143f561bdba047aa475f078ce5","generatedAt":"2026-08-30T16:00:16.317Z","publicationDecision":{"recordId":"urn:maha:record:physical-and-logical-qubits","publicEligible":true,"evaluatedAgainst":"maha-epistemic/1.0","reasons":[]},"claims":[{"id":"urn:maha:claim:physical-and-logical-qubits","scope":"The models, apparatus, protocols, datasets, and comparisons reported in Scheme for reducing decoherence in quantum computer memory.","boundary":"An encoded state is not automatically fault tolerant; syndrome extraction, gates, leakage, correlated errors, and decoding remain separate.","claimKind":"theoretical-model","sourceIds":["source-shor-qec-1995"],"statement":"The cited code construction demonstrates that one logical state can be encoded across multiple physical qubits to correct specified error classes.","replication":{"asOfDate":"2026-08-24","assessment":"This candidate records one bounded source package. Independent replications and contradictory measurements must be compiled as separate records before maturity is upgraded.","independentReplicationCount":null},"uncertainty":{"kind":"qualitative","statement":"No platform-independent uncertainty interval exists; numerical values remain attached to the source experiment or model and its stated assumptions."},"evidenceMaturity":"single-study"}],"sources":[{"id":"source-shor-qec-1995","url":"https://journals.aps.org/pra/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevA.52.R2493","title":"Scheme for reducing decoherence in quantum computer memory","rights":{"note":"Maha paraphrases the source-level result and links to the version of record; no article passage is reproduced.","basis":"citation-with-paraphrase","quotationUsed":false},"authors":["Peter W. Shor"],"boundary":"A code construction does not establish that a physical system operates below threshold or that its full control stack satisfies fault-tolerance assumptions.","publisher":"Physical Review A, American Physical Society","establishes":"The paper gives a quantum code construction that protects encoded information against specified single-qubit errors under its model.","identifiers":[{"value":"10.1103/PhysRevA.52.R2493","scheme":"doi"}],"publishedAt":"1995-10-01","exactLocator":"Abstract; encoding construction; error-correction argument."}],"reviewEvents":[{"scope":"source-fidelity","verdict":"approve","reviewId":"epireview_950c2a50969b4e55a71a17b6c1d9da1e","rationale":"Physical and logical qubits binds claim urn:maha:claim:physical-and-logical-qubits only to Scheme for reducing decoherence in quantum computer memory at APS version-of-record full text, §III “Encoding”, pp. R2494–R2495. The audit inspected version-of-record at declared inspected location depth and recorded subject and claim support; the claim remains limited to “The models, apparatus, protocols, datasets, and comparisons reported in Scheme for reducing decoherence in quantum computer memory.”. This decision applies only to record urn:maha:record:physical-and-logical-qubits at sha256:f950ccf0da9152d4dbbe784488fe7a02efdd22cf4ad7c1bb071f602efe6354c2 and does not certify truth, external endorsement, independent reproduction, or fitness for use.","reviewedAt":"2026-08-30T15:03:57.954Z","reviewerId":"expert_maha-internal-editorial-scale-v1","reviewMethod":"Each criterion is recomputed from the exact record, its inspected alignment audit, source identity, exact locator, rights basis, claim scope, boundary, uncertainty, replication status, prohibited inferences, and revision digest.","reviewerKind":"internal-editorial","reviewerRole":"AI-assisted record-specific review of inspected source identity, exact locator, bounded claim, uncertainty, non-claims, rights basis, and exact revision. This is not an external subject-matter credential.","targetSha256":"sha256:f950ccf0da9152d4dbbe784488fe7a02efdd22cf4ad7c1bb071f602efe6354c2","supersedesReviewId":null,"reviewerProfileVersion":1},{"scope":"domain-fidelity","verdict":"approve","reviewId":"epireview_7c7823a2de064837b0be34f15dd133e6","rationale":"Physical and logical qubits remains within domain quantum-systems. Its mechanism or method is the bounded proposition “The cited code construction demonstrates that one logical state can be encoded across multiple physical qubits to correct specified error classes.”; the record does not transfer that proposition beyond An encoded state is not automatically fault tolerant; syndrome extraction, gates, leakage, correlated errors, and decoding remain separate. This decision applies only to record urn:maha:record:physical-and-logical-qubits at sha256:f950ccf0da9152d4dbbe784488fe7a02efdd22cf4ad7c1bb071f602efe6354c2 and does not certify truth, external endorsement, independent reproduction, or fitness for use.","reviewedAt":"2026-08-30T15:03:58.092Z","reviewerId":"expert_maha-internal-editorial-scale-v1","reviewMethod":"Each criterion is recomputed from the exact record, its inspected alignment audit, source identity, exact locator, rights basis, claim scope, boundary, uncertainty, replication status, prohibited inferences, and revision digest.","reviewerKind":"internal-editorial","reviewerRole":"AI-assisted record-specific review of inspected source identity, exact locator, bounded claim, uncertainty, non-claims, rights basis, and exact revision. This is not an external subject-matter credential.","targetSha256":"sha256:f950ccf0da9152d4dbbe784488fe7a02efdd22cf4ad7c1bb071f602efe6354c2","supersedesReviewId":null,"reviewerProfileVersion":1},{"scope":"boundary-adequacy","verdict":"approve","reviewId":"epireview_99230743bbac4b0fa23793a063e250c4","rationale":"Physical and logical qubits retains uncertainty “No platform-independent uncertainty interval exists; numerical values remain attached to the source experiment or model and its stated assumptions.” and replication assessment “This candidate records one bounded source package. Independent replications and contradictory measurements must be compiled as separate records before maturity is upgraded.”. Its non-claims and 2 prohibited inference(s) remain attached to every reuse. This decision applies only to record urn:maha:record:physical-and-logical-qubits at sha256:f950ccf0da9152d4dbbe784488fe7a02efdd22cf4ad7c1bb071f602efe6354c2 and does not certify truth, external endorsement, independent reproduction, or fitness for use.","reviewedAt":"2026-08-30T15:03:58.235Z","reviewerId":"expert_maha-internal-editorial-scale-v1","reviewMethod":"Each criterion is recomputed from the exact record, its inspected alignment audit, source identity, exact locator, rights basis, claim scope, boundary, uncertainty, replication status, prohibited inferences, and revision digest.","reviewerKind":"internal-editorial","reviewerRole":"AI-assisted record-specific review of inspected source identity, exact locator, bounded claim, uncertainty, non-claims, rights basis, and exact revision. This is not an external subject-matter credential.","targetSha256":"sha256:f950ccf0da9152d4dbbe784488fe7a02efdd22cf4ad7c1bb071f602efe6354c2","supersedesReviewId":null,"reviewerProfileVersion":1},{"scope":"rights-and-locator","verdict":"approve","reviewId":"epireview_c11b34d9c41b446e8d5e5568b80f9429","rationale":"Scheme for reducing decoherence in quantum computer memory is identified by doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.52.R2493, inspected at Abstract; encoding construction; error-correction argument., and retained under citation-with-paraphrase. This approval binds only exact revision sha256:f950ccf0da9152d4dbbe784488fe7a02efdd22cf4ad7c1bb071f602efe6354c2. This decision applies only to record urn:maha:record:physical-and-logical-qubits at sha256:f950ccf0da9152d4dbbe784488fe7a02efdd22cf4ad7c1bb071f602efe6354c2 and does not certify truth, external endorsement, independent reproduction, or fitness for use.","reviewedAt":"2026-08-30T15:03:58.370Z","reviewerId":"expert_maha-internal-editorial-scale-v1","reviewMethod":"Each criterion is recomputed from the exact record, its inspected alignment audit, source identity, exact locator, rights basis, claim scope, boundary, uncertainty, replication status, prohibited inferences, and revision digest.","reviewerKind":"internal-editorial","reviewerRole":"AI-assisted record-specific review of inspected source identity, exact locator, bounded claim, uncertainty, non-claims, rights basis, and exact revision. This is not an external subject-matter credential.","targetSha256":"sha256:f950ccf0da9152d4dbbe784488fe7a02efdd22cf4ad7c1bb071f602efe6354c2","supersedesReviewId":null,"reviewerProfileVersion":1}]}