{"schemaVersion":"maha-epistemic/1.0","evidencePolicyVersion":"mps/0.1","recordId":"urn:maha:record:crispr-cas9-nuclease-editing","canonicalPath":"/knowledge/synthetic-biology/concepts/crispr-cas9-nuclease-editing","contentHash":"sha256:d02ff1aefcb15c18eb0dceb3659d81e832cefd61968287ffa20b21a17a2c47af","generatedAt":"2026-08-30T16:02:37.073Z","publicationDecision":{"recordId":"urn:maha:record:crispr-cas9-nuclease-editing","publicEligible":true,"evaluatedAgainst":"maha-epistemic/1.0","reasons":[]},"claims":[{"id":"urn:maha:claim:crispr-cas9-nuclease-editing","scope":"The constructs, biological systems, protocols, assays, datasets, and comparisons reported in A programmable dual-RNA-guided DNA endonuclease in adaptive bacterial immunity.","boundary":"Biochemical cleavage is not equivalent to efficient, specific, or safe genome editing in a cell or organism.","claimKind":"empirical-claim","sourceIds":["source-jinek-cas9-2012"],"statement":"The cited biochemical study reconstitutes programmable Cas9 cleavage and shows that a designed single guide can direct sequence-specific cutting adjacent to a compatible motif.","replication":{"asOfDate":"2026-08-24","assessment":"This candidate records one bounded source package. Independent replications and contradictory results must be compiled separately before evidence maturity is upgraded.","independentReplicationCount":null},"uncertainty":{"kind":"qualitative","statement":"There is no universal effect estimate for this method; numerical results remain attached to the source experiment, biological system, assay, and analysis choices."},"evidenceMaturity":"single-study"}],"sources":[{"id":"source-jinek-cas9-2012","url":"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1225829","title":"A programmable dual-RNA-guided DNA endonuclease in adaptive bacterial immunity","rights":{"note":"Maha paraphrases the source-level result and links to the version of record; no article passage is reproduced.","basis":"citation-with-paraphrase","quotationUsed":false},"authors":["Martin Jinek","Krzysztof Chylinski","Ines Fonfara","Michael Hauer","Jennifer A. Doudna","Emmanuelle Charpentier"],"boundary":"An in-vitro nuclease mechanism does not establish editing efficiency, specificity, delivery, safety, or phenotype in cells or organisms.","publisher":"Science","establishes":"The study reconstitutes RNA-programmed Cas9 cleavage in vitro and shows that a designed single-guide RNA can direct sequence-specific DNA cleavage adjacent to an appropriate motif.","identifiers":[{"value":"10.1126/science.1225829","scheme":"doi"}],"publishedAt":"2012-06-28","exactLocator":"Abstract; Figures 1–5; supplementary materials describing guide design and cleavage assays."}],"reviewEvents":[{"scope":"source-fidelity","verdict":"approve","reviewId":"epireview_1a34065dac08402ab6fc68ac9e82abf0","rationale":"CRISPR-Cas9 nuclease editing binds claim urn:maha:claim:crispr-cas9-nuclease-editing only to A programmable dual-RNA-guided DNA endonuclease in adaptive bacterial immunity at PMC6286148 repository copy, Conclusions. The audit inspected repository-copy at bounded inspected artifact depth and recorded subject and claim support; the claim remains limited to “The constructs, biological systems, protocols, assays, datasets, and comparisons reported in A programmable dual-RNA-guided DNA endonuclease in adaptive bacterial immunity.”. This decision applies only to record urn:maha:record:crispr-cas9-nuclease-editing at sha256:af0966a0ae03aa6f7bcbd936ba194bf84ce302d67601dd93726855bba1c3884a and does not certify truth, external endorsement, independent reproduction, or fitness for use.","reviewedAt":"2026-08-30T16:01:58.515Z","reviewerId":"expert_maha-internal-editorial-scale-v1","reviewMethod":"Each criterion is recomputed from the exact record, its inspected alignment audit, source identity, exact locator, rights basis, claim scope, boundary, uncertainty, replication status, prohibited inferences, and revision digest.","reviewerKind":"internal-editorial","reviewerRole":"AI-assisted record-specific review of inspected source identity, exact locator, bounded claim, uncertainty, non-claims, rights basis, and exact revision. This is not an external subject-matter credential.","targetSha256":"sha256:af0966a0ae03aa6f7bcbd936ba194bf84ce302d67601dd93726855bba1c3884a","supersedesReviewId":null,"reviewerProfileVersion":1},{"scope":"domain-fidelity","verdict":"approve","reviewId":"epireview_4705bdfb11434cc0a11683b676077402","rationale":"CRISPR-Cas9 nuclease editing remains within domain synthetic-biology. Its mechanism or method is the bounded proposition “The cited biochemical study reconstitutes programmable Cas9 cleavage and shows that a designed single guide can direct sequence-specific cutting adjacent to a compatible motif.”; the record does not transfer that proposition beyond Biochemical cleavage is not equivalent to efficient, specific, or safe genome editing in a cell or organism. This decision applies only to record urn:maha:record:crispr-cas9-nuclease-editing at sha256:af0966a0ae03aa6f7bcbd936ba194bf84ce302d67601dd93726855bba1c3884a and does not certify truth, external endorsement, independent reproduction, or fitness for use.","reviewedAt":"2026-08-30T16:01:58.640Z","reviewerId":"expert_maha-internal-editorial-scale-v1","reviewMethod":"Each criterion is recomputed from the exact record, its inspected alignment audit, source identity, exact locator, rights basis, claim scope, boundary, uncertainty, replication status, prohibited inferences, and revision digest.","reviewerKind":"internal-editorial","reviewerRole":"AI-assisted record-specific review of inspected source identity, exact locator, bounded claim, uncertainty, non-claims, rights basis, and exact revision. This is not an external subject-matter credential.","targetSha256":"sha256:af0966a0ae03aa6f7bcbd936ba194bf84ce302d67601dd93726855bba1c3884a","supersedesReviewId":null,"reviewerProfileVersion":1},{"scope":"boundary-adequacy","verdict":"approve","reviewId":"epireview_c02f5a24023242b5ac7efd46514c09cd","rationale":"CRISPR-Cas9 nuclease editing retains uncertainty “There is no universal effect estimate for this method; numerical results remain attached to the source experiment, biological system, assay, and analysis choices.” and replication assessment “This candidate records one bounded source package. Independent replications and contradictory results must be compiled separately before evidence maturity is upgraded.”. Its non-claims and 2 prohibited inference(s) remain attached to every reuse. This decision applies only to record urn:maha:record:crispr-cas9-nuclease-editing at sha256:af0966a0ae03aa6f7bcbd936ba194bf84ce302d67601dd93726855bba1c3884a and does not certify truth, external endorsement, independent reproduction, or fitness for use.","reviewedAt":"2026-08-30T16:01:58.725Z","reviewerId":"expert_maha-internal-editorial-scale-v1","reviewMethod":"Each criterion is recomputed from the exact record, its inspected alignment audit, source identity, exact locator, rights basis, claim scope, boundary, uncertainty, replication status, prohibited inferences, and revision digest.","reviewerKind":"internal-editorial","reviewerRole":"AI-assisted record-specific review of inspected source identity, exact locator, bounded claim, uncertainty, non-claims, rights basis, and exact revision. This is not an external subject-matter credential.","targetSha256":"sha256:af0966a0ae03aa6f7bcbd936ba194bf84ce302d67601dd93726855bba1c3884a","supersedesReviewId":null,"reviewerProfileVersion":1},{"scope":"rights-and-locator","verdict":"approve","reviewId":"epireview_0c157ced450a406fbf6f83fc04cc6c9b","rationale":"A programmable dual-RNA-guided DNA endonuclease in adaptive bacterial immunity is identified by doi:10.1126/science.1225829, inspected at Abstract; Figures 1–5; supplementary materials describing guide design and cleavage assays., and retained under citation-with-paraphrase. This approval binds only exact revision sha256:af0966a0ae03aa6f7bcbd936ba194bf84ce302d67601dd93726855bba1c3884a. This decision applies only to record urn:maha:record:crispr-cas9-nuclease-editing at sha256:af0966a0ae03aa6f7bcbd936ba194bf84ce302d67601dd93726855bba1c3884a and does not certify truth, external endorsement, independent reproduction, or fitness for use.","reviewedAt":"2026-08-30T16:01:58.810Z","reviewerId":"expert_maha-internal-editorial-scale-v1","reviewMethod":"Each criterion is recomputed from the exact record, its inspected alignment audit, source identity, exact locator, rights basis, claim scope, boundary, uncertainty, replication status, prohibited inferences, and revision digest.","reviewerKind":"internal-editorial","reviewerRole":"AI-assisted record-specific review of inspected source identity, exact locator, bounded claim, uncertainty, non-claims, rights basis, and exact revision. This is not an external subject-matter credential.","targetSha256":"sha256:af0966a0ae03aa6f7bcbd936ba194bf84ce302d67601dd93726855bba1c3884a","supersedesReviewId":null,"reviewerProfileVersion":1}]}