{"schemaVersion":"maha-epistemic/1.0","evidencePolicyVersion":"mps/0.1","recordId":"urn:maha:record:cytosine-base-editing","canonicalPath":"/knowledge/synthetic-biology/concepts/cytosine-base-editing","contentHash":"sha256:7b4a24ae0a546d04734e703118b455e2b4521d45c3a52924f1ad8b97168a2e34","generatedAt":"2026-08-30T16:02:41.064Z","publicationDecision":{"recordId":"urn:maha:record:cytosine-base-editing","publicEligible":true,"evaluatedAgainst":"maha-epistemic/1.0","reasons":[]},"claims":[{"id":"urn:maha:claim:cytosine-base-editing","scope":"The constructs, biological systems, protocols, assays, datasets, and comparisons reported in Programmable editing of a target base in genomic DNA without double-stranded DNA cleavage.","boundary":"Reported activity windows, product purity, bystanders, indels, and off-target effects are editor- and context-specific.","claimKind":"empirical-claim","sourceIds":["source-komor-cbe-2016"],"statement":"The cited study constructs and tests cytosine base editors in specified transformed human and murine cell lines.","replication":{"asOfDate":"2026-08-24","assessment":"This candidate records one bounded source package. Independent replications and contradictory results must be compiled separately before evidence maturity is upgraded.","independentReplicationCount":null},"uncertainty":{"kind":"qualitative","statement":"There is no universal effect estimate for this method; numerical results remain attached to the source experiment, biological system, assay, and analysis choices."},"evidenceMaturity":"single-study"}],"sources":[{"id":"source-komor-cbe-2016","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/nature17946","title":"Programmable editing of a target base in genomic DNA without double-stranded DNA cleavage","rights":{"note":"Maha paraphrases the source-level result and links to the version of record; no article passage is reproduced.","basis":"citation-with-paraphrase","quotationUsed":false},"authors":["Alexis C. Komor","Yongjoo B. Kim","Michael S. Packer","John A. Zuris","David R. Liu"],"boundary":"The reported windows, efficiencies, byproducts, and indels are editor-, guide-, target-, cell-, delivery-, and assay-specific.","publisher":"Nature","establishes":"The study constructs cytosine base editors and reports targeted C-to-T conversion outcomes in specified transformed human and murine cell lines.","identifiers":[{"value":"10.1038/nature17946","scheme":"doi"}],"publishedAt":"2016-04-20","exactLocator":"Abstract; Figures 1–5; Methods; Extended Data; Supplementary Information.","conflictsOfInterest":"The article declares patent applications and company interests involving base-editing technologies."}],"reviewEvents":[{"scope":"source-fidelity","verdict":"approve","reviewId":"epireview_bd139ec23abf45cb83732c3bbfdc2faa","rationale":"Cytosine base editing binds claim urn:maha:claim:cytosine-base-editing only to Programmable editing of a target base in genomic DNA without double-stranded DNA cleavage at PMC4873371 author manuscript, article abstract and associated-data record. The audit inspected repository-copy at bounded inspected artifact depth and recorded subject and claim support; the claim remains limited to “The constructs, biological systems, protocols, assays, datasets, and comparisons reported in Programmable editing of a target base in genomic DNA without double-stranded DNA cleavage.”. This decision applies only to record urn:maha:record:cytosine-base-editing at sha256:4d8be53b3a2b511149801817f5c1c9821488e91ba44df24616cc592668d8e917 and does not certify truth, external endorsement, independent reproduction, or fitness for use.","reviewedAt":"2026-08-30T16:01:59.598Z","reviewerId":"expert_maha-internal-editorial-scale-v1","reviewMethod":"Each criterion is recomputed from the exact record, its inspected alignment audit, source identity, exact locator, rights basis, claim scope, boundary, uncertainty, replication status, prohibited inferences, and revision digest.","reviewerKind":"internal-editorial","reviewerRole":"AI-assisted record-specific review of inspected source identity, exact locator, bounded claim, uncertainty, non-claims, rights basis, and exact revision. This is not an external subject-matter credential.","targetSha256":"sha256:4d8be53b3a2b511149801817f5c1c9821488e91ba44df24616cc592668d8e917","supersedesReviewId":null,"reviewerProfileVersion":1},{"scope":"domain-fidelity","verdict":"approve","reviewId":"epireview_a5e6da6638494a23bd813dc6b45f8ad8","rationale":"Cytosine base editing remains within domain synthetic-biology. Its mechanism or method is the bounded proposition “The cited study constructs and tests cytosine base editors in specified transformed human and murine cell lines.”; the record does not transfer that proposition beyond Reported activity windows, product purity, bystanders, indels, and off-target effects are editor- and context-specific. This decision applies only to record urn:maha:record:cytosine-base-editing at sha256:4d8be53b3a2b511149801817f5c1c9821488e91ba44df24616cc592668d8e917 and does not certify truth, external endorsement, independent reproduction, or fitness for use.","reviewedAt":"2026-08-30T16:01:59.672Z","reviewerId":"expert_maha-internal-editorial-scale-v1","reviewMethod":"Each criterion is recomputed from the exact record, its inspected alignment audit, source identity, exact locator, rights basis, claim scope, boundary, uncertainty, replication status, prohibited inferences, and revision digest.","reviewerKind":"internal-editorial","reviewerRole":"AI-assisted record-specific review of inspected source identity, exact locator, bounded claim, uncertainty, non-claims, rights basis, and exact revision. This is not an external subject-matter credential.","targetSha256":"sha256:4d8be53b3a2b511149801817f5c1c9821488e91ba44df24616cc592668d8e917","supersedesReviewId":null,"reviewerProfileVersion":1},{"scope":"boundary-adequacy","verdict":"approve","reviewId":"epireview_466ec977450e4b588cad2a1f2e11655f","rationale":"Cytosine base editing retains uncertainty “There is no universal effect estimate for this method; numerical results remain attached to the source experiment, biological system, assay, and analysis choices.” and replication assessment “This candidate records one bounded source package. Independent replications and contradictory results must be compiled separately before evidence maturity is upgraded.”. Its non-claims and 2 prohibited inference(s) remain attached to every reuse. This decision applies only to record urn:maha:record:cytosine-base-editing at sha256:4d8be53b3a2b511149801817f5c1c9821488e91ba44df24616cc592668d8e917 and does not certify truth, external endorsement, independent reproduction, or fitness for use.","reviewedAt":"2026-08-30T16:01:59.765Z","reviewerId":"expert_maha-internal-editorial-scale-v1","reviewMethod":"Each criterion is recomputed from the exact record, its inspected alignment audit, source identity, exact locator, rights basis, claim scope, boundary, uncertainty, replication status, prohibited inferences, and revision digest.","reviewerKind":"internal-editorial","reviewerRole":"AI-assisted record-specific review of inspected source identity, exact locator, bounded claim, uncertainty, non-claims, rights basis, and exact revision. This is not an external subject-matter credential.","targetSha256":"sha256:4d8be53b3a2b511149801817f5c1c9821488e91ba44df24616cc592668d8e917","supersedesReviewId":null,"reviewerProfileVersion":1},{"scope":"rights-and-locator","verdict":"approve","reviewId":"epireview_24e871948807494f83046a319a3b4d71","rationale":"Programmable editing of a target base in genomic DNA without double-stranded DNA cleavage is identified by doi:10.1038/nature17946, inspected at Abstract; Figures 1–5; Methods; Extended Data; Supplementary Information., and retained under citation-with-paraphrase. This approval binds only exact revision sha256:4d8be53b3a2b511149801817f5c1c9821488e91ba44df24616cc592668d8e917. This decision applies only to record urn:maha:record:cytosine-base-editing at sha256:4d8be53b3a2b511149801817f5c1c9821488e91ba44df24616cc592668d8e917 and does not certify truth, external endorsement, independent reproduction, or fitness for use.","reviewedAt":"2026-08-30T16:01:59.897Z","reviewerId":"expert_maha-internal-editorial-scale-v1","reviewMethod":"Each criterion is recomputed from the exact record, its inspected alignment audit, source identity, exact locator, rights basis, claim scope, boundary, uncertainty, replication status, prohibited inferences, and revision digest.","reviewerKind":"internal-editorial","reviewerRole":"AI-assisted record-specific review of inspected source identity, exact locator, bounded claim, uncertainty, non-claims, rights basis, and exact revision. This is not an external subject-matter credential.","targetSha256":"sha256:4d8be53b3a2b511149801817f5c1c9821488e91ba44df24616cc592668d8e917","supersedesReviewId":null,"reviewerProfileVersion":1}]}