{"schemaVersion":"maha-epistemic/1.0","evidencePolicyVersion":"mps/0.1","recordId":"urn:maha:record:prime-editing","canonicalPath":"/knowledge/synthetic-biology/concepts/prime-editing","contentHash":"sha256:cc4e84661a12e5ba961a86a747355e30f3f5fcafee113c373a9455b0ab71278d","generatedAt":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z","publicationDecision":{"recordId":"urn:maha:record:prime-editing","publicEligible":true,"evaluatedAgainst":"maha-epistemic/1.0","reasons":[]},"claims":[{"id":"urn:maha:claim:prime-editing-demonstration","statement":"The 2019 founding study demonstrated targeted substitutions, insertions, and deletions using prime editors in four human cell lines and primary post-mitotic mouse cortical neurons, with efficiency varying by edit and system.","claimKind":"empirical-claim","evidenceMaturity":"single-study","sourceIds":["source-anzalone-prime-editing-2019"],"scope":"The experiments, cell systems, loci, editor variants, assays, and comparisons reported in the founding Nature paper and its supplementary information.","boundary":"The experiments do not establish safe delivery, whole-organism efficacy, long-term clinical outcomes, or suitability for any individual treatment.","uncertainty":{"kind":"quantitative","statement":"The source reports experiment-specific means and variation; there is no single valid efficiency or error interval for prime editing across targets and biological systems.","interval":"See experiment-level figures and supplementary tables; not pooled into one value."},"replication":{"independentReplicationCount":null,"assessment":"This Phase 1 record is deliberately bounded to the founding study and does not yet compile independent replication evidence.","asOfDate":"2026-08-24"}}],"sources":[{"id":"source-anzalone-prime-editing-2019","title":"Search-and-replace genome editing without double-strand breaks or donor DNA","authors":["Andrew V. Anzalone","Peyton B. Randolph","Jessie R. Davis","Alexander A. Sousa","Luke W. Koblan","et al."],"publisher":"Nature","publishedAt":"2019-10-21","url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1711-4","identifiers":[{"scheme":"doi","value":"10.1038/s41586-019-1711-4"},{"scheme":"accession","value":"PRJNA565979"}],"exactLocator":"Abstract; Figures 1–5; Methods; Extended Data; Supplementary Tables 1–5.","rights":{"basis":"citation-with-paraphrase","quotationUsed":false,"note":"The Maha page paraphrases the reported method and scope, links to the version of record, and reproduces no paywalled passage."},"establishes":"The paper introduces the prime-editing architecture and reports targeted edit classes across specified human cell lines and primary mouse neurons with experiment-dependent efficiencies and byproducts.","boundary":"It is not clinical evidence, does not establish delivery to human tissues, and does not provide a universal safety or efficacy estimate for all prime-editor designs.","conflictsOfInterest":"The publisher record states that authors filed patent applications and identifies company relationships involving genome-editing technologies."}],"reviewEvents":[{"reviewerId":"maha-editorial-system","reviewerRole":"Phase 1 source-fidelity and boundary review","reviewedAt":"2026-08-24T00:00:00.000Z","verdict":"approve","rationale":"Approved as a source-bounded empirical demonstration with explicit experimental and clinical non-transfer boundaries."}]}