Input and reference-frame workflow

UTC–TAI–TT–TDB–UT1 conversion chain

Declare which time scale each operation consumes and preserve every conversion input.

Required inputs

UTC instant

Leap-second table version

Earth-orientation data version

Ephemeris time-scale requirement

Ordered execution

Work the protocol

  1. 1

    Start from the resolved UTC provenance unit.

  2. 2

    Apply the pinned leap-second relation to TAI.

  3. 3

    Derive TT under the declared convention.

  4. 4

    Use TDB only where the ephemeris requires it.

  5. 5

    Use UT1 only with named Earth-orientation data.

Outputs

  • Time-scale chain
  • Versioned offsets
  • Unavailable-conversion warnings

Done only when

  • Every scale has a purpose.
  • Every offset is reproducible.
  • Unavailable data yields refusal or bounded uncertainty.

Fail closed

Refusal conditions

  • UTC and UT1 are treated as synonyms.
  • Leap-second or Earth-orientation versions are missing.
  • A scale is converted because its label looks similar.